Poland will install thousands of cameras and sensors along its border with Russia's Kaliningrad enclave to prevent what Warsaw says are illegal migrant crossings orchestrated by Moscow.
Germany has joined Sweden, Finland, and Latvia in a multinational armored vehicle program to provide improved mobility and firepower to their armed forces.
The Kremlin said President Putin had visited two frontline regions in Ukraine, prompting a strong rebuke from Kyiv which said he was viewing "the crimes of his minions."
Russia said it repelled an "illegal" Ukrainian attempt to infiltrate Russian territory in the southern border region of Bryansk, 11 days after reporting a similar incident.
Gathering 26,000 soldiers from 14 nations, Sweden launched its largest military maneuvers in more than 25 years, as the country's bid to join NATO remains blocked.